Talk:Dopamine receptor

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:44, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Layout

This page has been a stub for a very long time.--Kintaro 06:47, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

maybe we ought to take out the headings of each type of receptor for now, since they all say the same thing, and just have a sentence about the types. Then we can put them back in when we have more to add. It looks kinda weird now. What do you think?--Delldot 05:52, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Personally I find the current layout to be ideal. Leaving it room to grow doesn't mishape it to much and welcomes in additions. Imo it should stay as is.Foolishben 08:16, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

merge subtypes

I think the separate articles on the D1 to D5 receptors are too small to merit their own page. It is probably better to merge all these pages into one article. When the information on a particular receptors grows sufficiently large, it can then be specified as a main article Kpmiyapuram (talk) 16:30, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

You know...it's been on my "to do" list for a while to expand each of these. Hopefully I can muster the spare time & energy to finally get crackin' on that... — Scientizzle 16:44, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

There is already sufficient information in the literature, especially related to pharmacology of dopamine receptor subtypes to justify a separate article on each. In fact some of this information has recently been added (e.g., subtype selective ligands). These receptors are of high interest as therapeutic targets to the pharmaceutical industry and the development of subtype selective ligands is a very promising way of dissociating desirable therapeutic from undesirable side effects, so the amount of information will only grow over time. Therefore I strongly oppose merging these articles. Cheers. Boghog2 (talk) 18:20, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

I added a bunch of studies on the DRD4.7 polymorphism all found off of the NCBI gene entry for DRD4. There is a wealth of information on this one polymorphism in relation to behavior. Given the amount of information, I would also agree with Boghog2. On a completely unrelated note, someone might want to go back and format the refs I listed, they may not be wikipedia standard as I just copied the citations from the NCBI database. I understand the importance of correct citation but it's a pain in the butt... StephenPCook (talk) 12:57, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for your support and contribution to the DR article. Per your request, I have reformatted the citations that you have added using the cite journal template. If you haven't seen this yet, check out User:Diberri's Wikipedia template filling tool. Given a PubMed ID, one can quickly produce a formatted citation that can be copied and pasted into a Wikipedia article. Cheers. Boghog (talk) 06:46, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

In my attempts to remove the needs citations banner, I wonder if anyone can tell me which parts in the DRD2 subheading needs citations; the fact that the isoforms exist or that they pre or post-synaptically situated? Or both? NCBI lists a variety of studies where the sequence of the proteins were identified. I'm thinking the subtypes should be named here and their specific properties can be discussed on the DRD2 wiki. If that is the case then the comments on this page should satisfy the need of citations for both isoforms. I figured I'd seek some feedback before I edit, so thanks. StephenPCook (talk) 22:00, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Awkward sentence

" i.e., keep going on the neurotransmission (excitatory or inhibitory) once blocked by a receptor antagonist or stimulated by the endogenous neurotransmitter itself or a synthetic full or partial agonist." Syntax is confusing... Can someone clarify please? Thanks! Horus (talk) 05:43, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Done.—argumzio 03:31, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

More about DRD4

DRD4 also has a long list of SNP that can also be found on the NCBI website. I submit that naming each polymorphism does little to explain anything about this gene and that all that information can be summed up in a sentence. I think any other information can be retrieved from the actual database. If there is precedent for listing vntr polymorphisms on wikipedia, please feel free to revert. StephenPCook (talk) 19:49, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Yes, that's fine. The list was rather long. --Tryptofish (talk) 19:57, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

I also this that this source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378111918301094 will be helpful in adding more information about DRD4. The article suggests that regulators of DRD2 and DRD4 are located near exon 1 and by other molecules, such as DA.Kwona1 (talk) 22:39, 10 October 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 18:13, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

additional receptors

Hi, I had a quick look, but couldn't see the extra 90% increase in receptors in the Science article. But I don't doubt that it's there. Another study [25] showed in a living subject, dopamine 2 receptors had increased approximately 90% after neuroleptic treatment. Notpayingthepsychiatrist (talk) 02:45, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

DA and reward

See articles (pubmed PMIDs): 6438676 and 16341013

excitatory or inhibitory?

I know that either D1 or D2 is excitatory and the other is inhibitory, but not which is which. This is something that should be in this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.64.209.130 (talk) 16:38, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

Actually, it isn't that simple, and the literature is contradictory. --Tryptofish (talk) 21:47, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

Can a discussion of the contradictory literature on this topic be added? 129.64.209.130 (talk) 19:45, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Yes, I suppose so (but I personally would be reluctant to write it, because I have a WP:COI). --Tryptofish (talk) 00:14, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

The conventional wisdom about D1 & D2 is that D1 is Gs-coupled and post-synaptic (therefore dopamine release enhances firing of the post-synaptic neuron) and that D2 is Gi-coupled and a pre-synaptic autoreceptor (therefore dopamine release inhibits further release of dopamine from the pre-synaptic neuron). If one defines "excitatory" & "inhibitory" based solely on this model of an idealized dopamine synapse, then D1=excitatory & D2=inhibitory. Nature, however, is far more complicated...

• Pre- and post-synaptic localization has not been conclusively characterized for each receptor in each type of synapse. Therefore, these generalities almost surely don't apply in many cases. In particular, D2short & D2long are quite different in localization (Dopamine receptor D2 needs more information on this!)
• D3, D4 & D5 have expression patterns and signaling functionalities unique from D1 or D2
• Dopamine receptors can be found on opposite-acting neurons (e.g., glutamatergic pyramidal neurons neurons & GABAergic interneurons), so even simple circuit models with only a handful of neurons can have complicated dopamine signaling outputs. As an example, activation of GABAergic interneurons inhibits the local circuit's glutamatergic output.
• Zooming out even further, different brain regions can "activate" or "suppress" the firing in another region, thus dopamine signaling can have very complicated behavioral effects.

As for clearly discussing these complicated signaling effects within this article...it will take some time to develop the proper prose & citations that can convey the present models without becoming overly complicated. — Scientizzle 15:07, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

And, further, there's tons of evidence for postsynaptic D2 receptors (maybe some evidence that D3 is presynaptic). And there's also the issue of receptors that have mixed actions, such as modulating both ion channels and signaling cascades, in such a way that the ionic and the cascade-mediated effects may be opposite with respect to excitation. Indeed, it may be a case where it would just be "too much information" to go into it in this page. --Tryptofish (talk) 19:51, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

I also totally forgot to include receptor heteromers in my list above...Heteromerize a Gs-coupled GPCR with a Gi-coupled GPCR and sometimes the complex activates Gq instead! While some of the basics of these signaling complexities can and probably should be touched on in this article (or better at the individual receptor articles), it could be far too easy to overload this page with minutiae. — Scientizzle 20:11, 18 May 2011 (UTC)

What ref 25 really says

Someone seems to have misread the conclusion of the study. It is that "clinically effective doses of chemically distinct neuroleptic drugs result in 85 to 90 percent occupancy of D2 dopamine receptors". Nothing to do with increases in binding potential: that was only established in a much newer study, "for the first time", as it says there. So anyway, I'm deleting the relevant bit from the article as it is a clear misreading. Firrtree (talk) 11:32, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

More on D2 receptor family

It would be nice for the section to elaborate on the bi-phasic ability of D2 receptors to certain agonist (such as quinpirole). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nvarade (talk • contribs) 01:42, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

There is a review titled, Dopamine D2L receptor-interacting proteins regulate dopaminergic signaling (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861317301718) that shows a diagram of the D2 receptor signaling events. Adding a diagram and a description of the mechanism of D2 receptor may be useful information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 19:58, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

This review: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00018-010-0293-y talks much about different receptors. In particular, the review talks about D4 and D2 receptors. The review contains information about the signaling pathway of the D4 receptor in detailed image. Here are some parts of the review that is useful and specific information: "the D4 receptor is able to undergo N-linked glycosylation on a single conserved site (Asn 3), and that this glycosylation is not involved in ligand binding or receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane [27, 28, 29] " "Further downstream, activation of the D4 receptor has been demonstrated to activate NFκB, an important transcription factor that plays a role in inflammation" "Dopamine D4 receptors have been reported to influence intracellular calcium levels through a variety of different mechanisms, depending on the cell type" "D2-like receptors can influence different types of potassium channel." "D4 receptors can also induce arachidonic acid release, probably via G-proteins and PKC activation [28, 57, 58] and affect the activity of Na+/H+ exchangers, which regulate intracellular pH, extracellular acidification and cell volume [59, 60]." "Very recently it was shown that intracellular PDGFβ receptors can also be transactivated by D4 receptors"Kwona1 (talk) 22:39, 10 October 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 20:17, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

DRD# heteromers, TrkB transactivation, protein-protein interactions

Heteromers from review (excluding NMDAR): adenosine A1–D1, adenosine A2A–D2, D1–D2, D1–D3, D2–D4, D2–TAAR1, D2–ghrelin receptor, D4–β1 adrenoceptor and D4-α1B adrenoceptor; DRD1 + DRD2 can transactivate TrkB and regulate calcium channels & sodium-potassium pumps via prot/ein-protein interactions ←→ PMID 25671228

• Transactivation/prot-prot interations

For instance,there are indications that both D1 and D2 receptors can trans-activate the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor in neurons (Swift et al., 2011). These two dopamine receptors can also regulate calcium channels through a direct protein–protein interaction in vivo (Kisilevsky and Zamponi, 2008; Kisilevsky et al., 2008). Direct interaction of D1 and D2 receptors and Na+-K+-ATPase has also been demonstrated (Hazelwood et al., 2008; Blom et al., 2012).
— PMID 25671228

• DRD4–7R is a loss of function mutation which lacks D2–D4-mediated striatal glutamate efflux and synergistic signaling from the D2–D4 heteromer through striatal MAPK

D2L receptors can exist in a heterodimeric form with the major variants of the D4 receptors: D4.2, D4.4 and D4.7, with D4.7 being the least effective in forming the complex (Borroto-Escuelaet al., 2011b). Ferrè and colleagues showed with BRET that D2Sreceptors can also associate in a heterodimer complex with the two variants D4.2 and D4.4, but not with the variant D4.7 (Gonzalez et al., 2012b). This study revealed a biochemical fingerprint for this heteromer that could potentiate D4 receptor activation of MAPK. In the mouse striatum, although the single activation of either D2 or D4 receptors had no effect on MAPK, co-administration of D2 and D4 receptor agonists induced a strong ERK phosphorylation response (Gonzalezet al., 2012b). This synergistic activity was lost in knock-in mice carrying the D4.7 variant, demonstrating the lack of mutual functional interaction between these two receptors. Moreover, the same synergistic effect was observed as regard to the ability of D4 receptors to modulate glutamate release in the striatum (Gonzalez et al., 2012b).
— PMID 25671228

Lots of redlinks... joy. Seppi333 (Insert 2¢ | Maintained) 13:42, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

References

@Boghog: I'm probably going to make articles on the D2–TAAR1 and D2–D4 heteromers due to their functional significance & notability respectively. I've never worked with protein boxes before, so IDK if these heteromers are even covered in the associated databases. Is a protein box appropriate for these, or should I just exclude one for now? ...and I can't find any MOS anywhere that covers article topics on GPCR oligomers - should I just follow the section ordering as indicated in MOS:MCB when/if appropriate? Seppi333 (Insert 2¢ | Maintained) 17:19, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

@Seppi333: A few of these heteromers are covered in specialist databases like IUPHAR. However as far as I know, we do not have any infoboxes that would cover these cases. Including more than one {{GNF_Protein_box}} would overwhelm an article. In these cases, what I have tended to do is use the more compact {{Infobox protein}}. You can see an example in D1-D2 Dopamine receptor heteromer. The template filler used to be able to fill these out, but for some reason, this no longer works. I am trying to fix this. Boghog (talk) 19:18, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

Possible Copyright Violation

I was running through some pages and searching for copyright violations and found the Addiction section to be completely copied off another site. You can view this report [1] If anyone wants to pitch in and help change the section to something that isn't copy pasted, this information would be quite useful to have. ActiveListener95|(˥ǝʇs Ɔɥɐʇ) 22:38, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

D1 and D2

This source: |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432817319034?via%3Dihub}}</ref>

has interesting information about the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the regulation of morphine. The receptors are involved in regulating the "acquisition, expression, extinction of the CPP induced by morphine." This information could be included in the drugs section, and the mechanism of D1 and D2's involvement could be included in the D1 and D2 section of this article.Kwona1 (talk) 22:41, 10 October 2018 (UTC)Kwona1 (talk) 22:40, 10 October 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 16:56, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

Also, this source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-018-0115-8 involves the role of D1 and D2 in pain and depression, which could be added to the sections for the D1 and D2 receptors. Another section could be created for depression.

This source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12035-018-0976-1 Says, "These results suggest that the histaminergic afferent inputs in the striatum may modulate both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing MSNs by activation of postsynaptic histamine H1 and H2 receptors and thus serve as an important extrastriatal modulator for biasing the direct and indirect pathways to actively regulate functions of the basal ganglia and participate in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of basal ganglia diseases." This source could contribute to a new section about histamines in relation to the D1 and D2 receptors.Kwona1 (talk) 22:40, 10 October 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 18:10, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

These are all research papers (primary sources). Please use literature reviews (secondary sources). Also it would helpful if you would cite the PMID. Thanks. Jytdog (talk) 23:06, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

Dopamine receptors and gambling - new section under disease?

This source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10899-011-9261-1

is interesting because it talks about the dopamine receptors in respect to gambling in the Korean population. It may be interesting to create a new section about gambling under the disease section.Kwona1 (talk) 22:41, 10 October 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwona1 (talk • contribs) 18:17, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

This is also a primary source. Please do see your talk page. Jytdog (talk) 23:06, 10 October 2018 (UTC)