Agencies of the European Union
The agencies of the European Union (formally: Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom) are bodies of the European Union and Euratom established as juridical persons through secondary EU legislation and tasked with a specific narrow field of work.[1]
They are distinct from:
- international law juridical persons established through primary (treaty) legislation, either as an EU institution (the European Central Bank) or an EU body of other type (such as the European Investment Bank Group entities, the European University Institute, the European Stability Mechanism or the Unified Patent Court)
- other EU institutions
- other EU bodies lacking juridical personality, including the advisory bodies, the independent offices held by a single person (European Ombudsman, European Data Protection Supervisor), and the (non-independent, auxiliary) EU inter-institutional services, regardless whether established through treaty or secondary legislation
- the pan-EU organisational forms which are not considered constituent bodies of the EU or Euratom, regardless whether possessing juridical personality (European Research Infrastructure Consortium, European political party, European political foundation, European grouping of territorial cooperation, Societas Europaea, Societas Cooperativa Europaea) or lacking it (European economic interest grouping)
Overview
[edit]In contrast to other EU bodies established through secondary legislation, each of more than fifty such entities has its own juridical personality granted by the EU law, recognised across the EU, and in some cases, also across the EEA countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Turkey. Nevertheless, in relations with other non-EU third countries, they are in general not recognised as independent entities, thus being considered either parts of the juridical personality of the EU or Euratom.[1]
Some of the agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom are tasked with answering the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.
Existing agencies
[edit]They are divided into the following groups:[1]
Decentralised agencies of the EU
[edit]Distinct from the EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union.[2] They are located in member states across the EU, providing services, information, and know-how. The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU's annual budget.[3]
Single market agencies
[edit]Single market agencies (under the former I Pillar)
Area of freedom, security and justice agencies
[edit]Area of freedom, security and justice agencies (under the former III Pillar)
European supervisory authorities
[edit]European supervisory authorities (of the European System of Financial Supervision)
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Est. | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Banking Authority | EBA | Paris (since 2019) |  France
|
2011 | [38] |
| European Securities and Markets Authority | ESMA | Paris | France |
2011 | [39] |
| European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority | EIOPA | Frankfurt |  Germany |
2011 | [40] |
Banking union (Single Resolution Mechanism) bodies
[edit]Single Resolution Mechanism bodies (of the European banking union)
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Est. | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Resolution Board | SRB | Brussels |  Belgium
|
2015 | Eurozone countries, Bulgaria |
Common Security and Defence Policy agencies
[edit]Common Security and Defence Policy agencies (under the former II Pillar)
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Est. | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Defence Agency | EDA | Brussels | Belgium |
2004 | members: EU states;[41] European Commission participant: Norway |
| European Institute for Security Studies | EUISS | Paris | France |
2001 | |
| European Union Satellite Centre | SatCen | Torrejón de Ardoz |  Spain |
2002 |
Executive agencies of the EU
[edit]Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.
Euratom agencies
[edit]| Official name | Abbreviation | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Euratom Supply Agency | ESA | Luxembourg City |
Joint undertakings
[edit]A joint undertaking is a juridical person and a subsidiary body of the EU or Euratom, established through an agreement between the European Commission, the participating member states, and the European industry of a certain field, with the purpose of implementing a public-private partnership project.
of the European Union
[edit]| Official name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Bio-based Industries | BBI |
| Clean Sky | CS |
| Electronic Components and Systems | ECSEL |
| Fuel Cells and Hydrogen | FCH |
| High-Performance Computing | EuroHPC |
| Innovative Medicines Initiative | IMI |
| Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research | SESAR |
| Shift-2-Rail | S2R |
of Euratom
[edit]| Official name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Fusion for Energy | F4E |
| Joint European Torus | JET |
Independent secondary-legislation bodies
[edit]Decentralised
[edit]The list includes the two decentralised bodies other than agencies, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Members and associates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Institute of Innovation and Technology | EIT | Budapest |  Hungary |
Members: EEA countries, Switzerland; associates: the United Kingdom |
| European Public Prosecutor's Office | EPPO | Luxembourg City[43][44] |  Luxembourg |
members: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain |
Other
[edit]The list includes the remaining two bodies other than agencies, decentralised bodies or joint undertakings, established as EU juridical persons through secondary legislation of the EU/Euratom.
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Est. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Data Protection Board | EDPB | Brussels | Belgium | 2018 |
| Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations | APPF | Brussels[45] | Belgium | 2014 |
Non-existing decentralised bodies
[edit]Proposed and abandoned
[edit]| Name | Abbreviation | Fate |
|---|---|---|
| Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority[46] | HERA | eventually established as DG HERA instead |
Transformed or dissolved
[edit]Agencies
[edit]| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Established | Abolished | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia | EUMC | Vienna |  Austria |
1997 | 2007 | Transformed into FRA |
| European Agency for Reconstruction | EAR | Thessaloniki |  Greece |
2000 | 2008 | Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG NEAR and IPA |
| Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency | Chafea | Luxembourg City | Luxembourg |
2005 | 2015 | Dissolved; tasks assigned to DG SANTE and to HaDEA |
| European GNSS Supervisory Authority | GSA | undef. | undef. | 2004 | 2010 | Transformed into the second GSA |
| European GNSS Agency | GSA | Prague |  Czech Republic |
2010 | 2021 | Transformed into EUSPA |
| European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union | Frontex | Warsaw |  Poland |
2005 | 2016 | Transformed into current Frontex |
Euratom joint undertakings
[edit]See also
[edit]- Directorate-General
- European integration – participation by non-EU states in EU initiatives
- Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon
- Meroni doctrine
References
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- ^ European Commission (27 April 2018). "Decentralised agencies". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ Deloitte (November 2016), How do EU agencies and other bodies contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy and to the Juncker Commission Agenda? (Report), European Union (published 11 May 2017), archived from the original on 8 July 2022, retrieved 21 August 2018
- ^ "OSHA membership". Europa (web portal). 1 January 2000. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
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- ^ "EUROFOUND membership". Europa (web portal). 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "EEA membership". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "ETF membership". Europa (web portal). 1 June 2009. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "Paris and Amsterdam to host key EU agencies post-Brexit". BBC News. 20 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
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- ^ Former Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market
- ^ Former OHIM
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- ^ "From GSA to EUSPA: space transforming business and the economy". 27 November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ^ "GSA observers". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
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- ^ a b "Agencies". Migration and Home Affairs. European Commission. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012.
- ^ Anonymous (16 June 2016). "European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (eu-LISA) – European Union – European Commission". European Union. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ Valentina Pop. "Estonia and France are candidates for IT agency seat". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "Frontex | News – European Border and Coast Guard Agency launches today". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
- ^ "EMCDDA membership". Europa (web portal). 10 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "ENISA membership". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "EIGE membership". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "FRA membership". Europa (web portal). 15 April 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "EBA legal framework". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "ESMA legal framework". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "EIOPA legal framework". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "Denmark joins the European Defence Agency". eda.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ "Commission welcomes political agreement on the Cybersecurity Competence Centre and Network". Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Ministry of Justice: New European Public Prosecutor's Office to be based in Luxembourg". 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ "Joint Statement by Vice-President Jourová, Commissioner Hahn and Commissioner Reynders on the launch of the European Public Prosecutor's Office" (Press release). Brussels: European Commission. 1 June 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA)". Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
Notes
[edit]External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agencies of the European Union.
- EU's main site about agencies
- Attribution of the seat of EU agencies: European Council conclusions, December 2003
- EU agencies on social media
- Official social media accounts of EU agencies on Twitter and elsewhere
- Unofficial mirrors of social media accounts of EU agencies on Mastodon
